Self -executing treaties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Self -executing treaties - Essay Example In an effort to assess how international laws and treaties are applied by nation-states, this paper shall discuss the application of self-executing treaties and the position of treaties recovering provisional application. The views of different authors, courts, and international tribunals shall be used to critically assess the implementation of the dualist and the monist approach to treaties. As part of the international community, states are obliged to follow and respect the provisions and mandates of international laws. These laws help keep the peace between nations and help secure and protect the sovereignty of the different nations of the world. Treaties form part of our international laws. Through the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the principle of pacta sunt servanda finds application. Nations are free to apply these treaties in any way they see fit. They may apply the dualist approach or the monist approach in order to seek the application of the treaties in their territory. Whatever approach to implementation they choose, these nations have international obligations to fulfill, and their failure to comply cannot be excused using domestic laws as a scapegoat. International responsibilities cannot be ignored because states are risking their economic and political position in the international community (Council of Europe, p. 16). In some countries which follow a dualist approach to treaties, these treaties cannot, as a general rule, be applied by municipal courts until they have been transformed into municipal law by legislative action. However, in the case of self-executing treaties, this rule must be qualified. Treaties are normally endorsed by states and are considered the most common and trusted sources of international law. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in 1969 was passed in order regulate the enactment of treaties between state parties as well as organizations. According

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Education - Essay Example Day 1- The Literacy Hour began with a copy of a non-fiction text ’Little Red Riding Hood’, by Charles Perrault. A copy of this book was placed on each table and children were expected to independently read the story within 10 minutes. Afterwards the class shared what they read and evaluated the story together as a group. This story provided the children with insight and it acted as a model to facilitate thinking and motivate children to ‘WALT: Write in the genre of a Fairytale’. The story also incorporated word and sentence level work through spelling, vocabulary and grammar (written and spoken). Once this was done, it was followed up with brain-storming of ideas about the key features of a fairytale. One of the most popular forms of the ten stages utilized as a process of learning in the Literacy Hour was the ‘activation of previous knowledge’. I felt this was a crucial and popular stage to implement at the beginning of a lesson, as learners were encouraged to engage in an open discussion. Because they could speak openly to each other, the learners were able to draw upon their own knowledge of the subject matter and bring it into the discussion. The practical teaching methods which were deployed were brainstorming and mind-mapping. These methods were offered as a guide to facilitate the children’s thinking about ‘what they already knew about the text’. During the lesson the format of deploying reading skills was developed and children were motivated into ‘adopting an appropriate strategy’. This activity took place as an independent and shared reading task because the teacher and pupil read the text ‘Little Red Riding Hood’, out loud and with expression. This style of close reading allowed the teacher to ‘describe the careful and sustain interpretation of a brief passage of text ’. The teacher implemented this literacy strategy by closely examining